- Regenerative agriculture adoption: U.S. cotton growers are embracing it for economic, community, and environmental wins.
- Tailored practices: Practices must adapt to diverse conditions across the 17 U.S. cotton-producing states.
- Long-term benefits: Focus on soil health, water, and biodiversity boosts profits, protects the planet, and builds a more sustainable textile industry.
The textile industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by escalating consumer demand for sustainably produced goods. Regenerative agriculture has emerged as a solution, offering a pathway to more environmentally and socially responsible cotton production. This approach focuses on enhancing soil health, which translates to a cascade of benefits for cotton growers: increased water retention, reduced reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and improved yields – ultimately could boost farm profitability and resilience. However, it’s crucial to recognize that regenerative agriculture isn’t a one-size-fits-all prescription. Practices must be tailored to the diverse climates, soil types, and local conditions found across the 17 cotton-producing states in the U.S.
This variability in regenerative practices across different regions underscores the importance of measuring and verifying progress. The U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol stands out as the only cotton sustainability program that is specifically designed to address this challenge. Data from the U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol reveals a growing trend towards regenerative agriculture: A significant majority of its grower members (78%) employ conventional crop rotation, while over half (56%) have adopted no-till or conservation tillage, and nearly two-thirds (62%) have integrated cover crops. Furthermore, a large percentage of growers utilize nutrient management (87%) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies (75%) and implement other conservation practices (87%).1 This widespread adoption of soil-health practices points to a promising shift towards more sustainable cotton production.
This impact is best understood through the voices of the growers themselves. These growers, representing the diverse landscape of U.S. cotton production, are on the front lines of implementing regenerative practices and experiencing the tangible benefits firsthand. Let’s hear directly from some of these growers about their experiences with the program and how it’s impacting their operations and their land.
Across the Cotton Belt: Tailoring Practices to Local Needs
The diversity of the Cotton Belt necessitates a nuanced approach to regenerative agriculture. From the arid landscapes of West Texas to the humid conditions of the Southeast, growers face unique challenges and opportunities.
For Alyssa Cain, a Protocol grower in West Texas, adapting to the challenges of dryland farming has meant embracing regenerative practices.
“Facing drought and a tough farm economy, we knew we had to adapt. We’re moving away from conventional tillage – practices that have degraded our soil over time – and implementing a system that prioritizes the long-term health of the soil. After leaving a field unplowed for two years and seeing the impressive difference, we knew we were headed in the right direction. Now, we’re working towards no-till farming across our entire operation to protect against erosion, improve water infiltration, and ultimately, build a more resilient future for our farm. “
In the Texas High Plains, where water scarcity is a constant concern, growers might prioritize water conservation through no-till farming, drought-tolerant cover crops, and efficient irrigation techniques.2 In the Southeast, managing humidity and pest pressure might involve integrating cover crops that suppress weeds, attract beneficial insects, and improve soil drainage.3 Further west, in California, growers are exploring innovative strategies to improve soil health and reduce water use in the face of drought and salinity challenges.
The specific regenerative practices employed will vary depending on the local context. Cover cropping, for example, can involve a wide range of plant species selected for their specific benefits, such as nitrogen fixation, weed suppression, or improved soil structure.4 No-till farming, while beneficial for reducing soil erosion and improving water infiltration, may require careful management of crop residue and weed control.5Integrated pest management strategies, which minimize reliance on synthetic pesticides, can involve a combination of biological controls, crop rotation, and targeted pesticide applications.6 The key is to adapt regenerative principles to the specific needs of each farm and region.
Louisiana Protocol grower Mead Hardwick knows the challenges of farming in a region known for its hot, humid summers and abundant rainfall. These conditions, while beneficial for growth, can also lead to soil erosion and nutrient runoff. To combat these challenges, Hardwick has embraced regenerative agriculture practices.
“We implement cover cropping on over half our acreage during the winter months to protect and enrich the soil. We also utilize natural fertilizers, informed by precise soil sampling, to ensure we provide the right nutrients at the right time. We rely on soil moisture sensors and weather forecasts for informed irrigation decisions. We minimize tillage wherever possible, understanding its impact on soil health, and strive for no-till practices whenever feasible. These practices are improving our land and profitability, and with advancements in technology, we’re getting more precise and efficient.”
The Regenerative Advantage: Environmental and Social Impacts
The positive impacts of regenerative cotton production ripple outwards, benefiting both the environment and society. Improved soil health in cotton fields leads to increased carbon sequestration, pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in the soil.7 Enhanced water infiltration reduces runoff and erosion, protecting water quality and conserving precious water resources.7 Reduced pesticide use minimizes potential environmental concerns and promotes healthier ecosystems, supporting beneficial insects and pollinators.7
Mead Hardwick and his family have seen these benefits firsthand. He shares:
“The benefits of regenerative agriculture practices are tangible. After years of cover cropping, we’re seeing significantly fewer weeds, less erosion, and increased water infiltration. The higher organic matter levels mean our soil is healthier and more resilient, and our crops can withstand more extreme weather.”
Beyond the environmental benefits, regenerative agriculture has the potential to create more resilient rural communities. By improving farm profitability and reducing reliance on external inputs, regenerative practicescan enhance the economic viability of cotton farming, supporting the livelihoods of growers, their families, their employees, and input providers.8 Furthermore, the growing demand for sustainably produced cotton creates new market opportunities for growers who adopt regenerative practices.
Investing in the Future of Their Farms
U.S. cotton growers are adopting regenerative agriculture for a variety of reasons, from economic to environmental. Some are motivated by the potential to reduce input costs (like fertilizers and pesticides) and achieve higher market prices.
Others are driven by a commitment to environmental stewardship, recognizing that healthy soil protects water resources, mitigates erosion, and enhances biodiversity. Looking ahead, many see regenerative practices as crucial for adapting to the increasing challenges of a changing climate and ensuring the long-term viability of their farms. This adaptability is key to building resilience and ensuring future generations can continue to farm successfully.
Cotton Incorporated, along with partners like the U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol and Soil Health Institute, supports growers in transitioning to sustainable cotton production. These organizations offer resources and programs—such as those provided by the Trust Protocol—that improve profitability, operations, and environmental stewardship. Through research, education, and collaborative initiatives, these organizations are empowering growers with the knowledge and tools they need to thrive.
We encourage everyone – from consumers to brands – to learn more about regenerative agriculture, support brands committed to sustainable cotton sourcing, and join the conversation about the future of cotton. By working together, we can cultivate a brighter future for cotton growers, and the planet.
Dr. Gaylon Morgan – director, agricultural research (nutrient and weed management, soil health)
1 U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol. (2024). U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol 2023/24 Annual Report. Link
2 Bell, J., P. DeLaune, B. Fischer, J. Foster, K. Lewis, B. McCarl, J. Outlaw. (2023). Carbon sequestration and water management in Texas—one size does not fit all (Review). Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 6(2). Link
3 Price, A., et. al. (2023). “Conservation systems to improve production efficiency, reduce risk and promote sustainability.” Agricultural Research Service. Link
4 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cover Crop (Ac.) (340) Conservation Practice Standard. Link
5 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Residue and Tillage Management, No-Till (Ac.) (329) Conservation Practice Standard. Link
6 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pest Management Conservation System (Ac.) (595) Conservation Practice Standard. Link
7 Field to Market. (2021). National Indicators Report: Environmental Outcomes from On-Farm Agricultural Production in the United States (Fourth Edition). Link
8 Field to Market. (2022). Financial Innovations to Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture: Blueprints for the Value Chain. Link
